Water shortage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Water shortage - Essay Example as an increase in human demand together with overuse of water (Maestu, 2013).Whereas the idea of water stress is comparatively new; it may be described as the hardness of getting fresh water sources for use for a certain period of time which may further lead to deterioration and depletion of the water resources available (Majumder, 2015). A water crisis on the other hand is a condition where the available unpolluted, drinkable water in a region is not enough to fulfill that given area’s demand. Water shortage may be as a result of 2 means; physical water shortage and economic water shortage, where physical water shortage is due to insufficient natural water sources to meet the demands of a given region and economic water shortage is due to poor management of the available water sources (Chartres & Varma, 2010). The United Nations Development Programme, claims that poor management of the adequate water sources is found more frequently to be the lead cause of agricultural ,household, environmental and industrial requirements, but do not have the means of providing it in a manner that is accessible. Reducing water shortage is an objective of several government and countries. The UN acknowledges the significance of minimizing the number of persons having no reliable access to fresh water as well as sanitation. Thus, the reduction of water shortage is one of the millennium development goals that should be met by this year (Postel,

Marketing Planning- Kit Kat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Planning- Kit Kat - Essay Example Companies give substantial importance to the desires and wants of the potential customers. Marketing Plans in the current economic system always succeed in a free market economy. The prices of the goods and services must be determined by the free forces of market demand and supply. Any state of disequilibrium in the market would be stabilized automatically by the free forces of market mechanism. Companies often adopt â€Å"go to market† concept that helps organizations to achieve unique value proposition to their targets. These propositions depend on the way the company focuses on its investments and business solutions. This strategy usually responds to whom, what, how much, how and where a company would operate and cater its services. Q 1.2 Nestle accounts a sale of over 1 billion Swiss francs from 29 major branded goods manufactured under it (Dibb, 2001). It is a giant food producing firm generating about 339,000 employments in the economy. Its assets are now worth 126.22 bi llion as estimated in 2012 (Qin, 2010).. Jamal and Prahalad in 1996 stated that strategic planning is not strategic; the future is assumed to be more or less same as the present. The planning must be subversive. The top managers are most resistant to change and they fail to provide people different responsibilities to manage changes. The senior managers should observe activists as positive. The organizations must always use all their knowledge to discover the unconventional ideas. Business strategies can often give surprises. The business strategies must be democratic (Kew and Stredwick, 2005). Therefore in the context of Nestle, Kit Kat being a common chocolate produced by the company, the focus should be on product quality. The company must enhance its quality so that it can uphold its reputation in the current competitive chocolate industry Q 1.3-1.4 There are various techniques of organizational auditing. Out of the major techniques this essay concentrates on the PEST technique of organizational auditing (Strauss, 2010). It means it would concentrate in the Political, Economic, Social and Technological aspects that affect the business of Nestle featuring its product Kit Kat. The success of a marketing plan largely depends on the internal working culture of a business firm; like the precise relationships between the top managers and employees at different levels. If a firm maintains a good financial and accounting system then they are likely to introduce successful marketing plans. The level of research and development also influences the competitive power of a business firm. The resources and capabilities of a business firm largely influence the extent accomplishment of marketing plans. Image and brand equity are also important determinants of a good marketing plan. The essay will now hypothetically assume a case study about Kit Kat’s business in China. The country has a socialist market economic system; thus sate excise strong control over the acti vities of the private organizations. If the Chinese government increases the level of taxes in chocolates; the company may be forced to increase the selling price of the product and thus will shift the incidence of taxation on the consumers. In such a situation the demand for the product would fall. Rather tastes and preferences of the consumers are changing and buyers who are empowered are demanding more from the products. The country accounts for a growth of about 10% in terms of GDP, thus the

The use of free radicals in the treatment of disease Literature review

The use of free radicals in the treatment of disease - Literature review Example For example, they can react with other molecules (M1) and steal an electron from them. The reacting radical (R1.) transforms into a ground state molecule (M2) and the formation of a new radical takes place (R2.)(Scheme 1) ( Fieser and Fieser, 1966 ). Scheme 1: Typical reaction of radicals (Nesmeianov and Nesmeianov, 1970). The first type of free radicals is thermodynamically unstable particles. These are the molecular fragments similar in structure to CH3. ,C2H5. and their derivatives. Next, atoms with one unpaired atom also fall under the definition of radicals. For example, H. ,Na. ,Cl. . And the last group of radicals are the thermodynamically stable radicals. As an example of this group triarylmethyl (a) and semiquinones (b) can be put forward (Scheme 2). Stabilisation of the radical in these structures are realised through delocalisation of the unpaired electron. Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) can also be classified as radicals as they possess an unpaired electron. Odd electron of th e hydrogen atom is an s electron. In case of chlorine, or any carbon based radical it is a p radical. Scheme 2: Triarylmethyl and semiquinones based radicals (Nesmeianov and Nesmeianov, 1970). If the radical is stable then it usually does not participate in the reactions described on scheme 1. Such radicals cannot sustain chain reactions but can stop them. They have the ability to remove free radicals from the system and consequently serve as inhibitors of chain reactions. All the described particles are paramagnetic due to their uncompensated spin, what can be detected using magnetic balance (in case of stable particles) or electron paramagnetic resonance (if the concentration of the studied compound is too small or it is unstable) (Nesmeianov and Nesmeianov, 1970). Free radicals have the ability to damage cells. Respiration and the immune system reaction to the infection are the ways which lead to generation of free radicals in the body. Environment factors, such as food, pollutan ts and drugs that are used, also contribute to the formation of radicals. Once produced, radicals damage lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and other tissue macromolecules. They also have been proven to play a major role in aging and lead to a series of diseases, including cancer. The amount of free radicals in the body is regulated through the use of antioxidants which donate an electron, thereby transform a free radical into a stable molecule. A number of enzymes are able to act as antioxidants, including catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The list of antioxidants can be continued by mentioning selenium, beta-carotene and both vitamins C and E (Brown, 1999; Huang, 2000). Because of the mentioned destructive properties of free radicals they can be used to treat cancer. A number of methods utilises free radicals. The method that has been used for decades is radiation therapy. The first case of using radiation therapy in the USA is dated 1896 when Emil Grubbe use d X-rays to treat cancer. The discovery of radium and polonium in the end of the nineteenth century gave radiotherapy a push for further advancement. In the mid-1900s radium was substituted by radioactive caesium and cobalt. Later, with the development of various forms of tomography it became possible for physicians to selectively target tumours. This led to fewer side effects and more effective treatment. Depending on the position of the radiation source there are three types of

The Crucibale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Crucibale - Essay Example Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor’s wife, fires Abigail her worker, who has fallen in love with her husband, and this makes Elizabeth to send her away. Abigail wants John back and blames Elizabeth for being a witch. The relevance of this extract is that it incorporates several themes in the play. One of the themes is authority. Reverend Parris is depicted as an authoritative man in Salem. Parris is supplanted when Reverend Hale derives power from books and learning. The theme of Sin and Guilt has also been highlighted. Proctor is haunted by fear caused by his infidelity. Reverend Hale put efforts to undermine the court he has assisted create a solution for his sins. Self-interest is a theme that comes out clearly. Abigail begins the condition of hysteria when she finds it a good way to deflect attention from the sins she commits. She accuses Elizabeth to protect herself. Reputation is another theme highlighted. Witchcraft is used to elevate individual from low status to high status. John Proctor reputation in Salem fades; he is an adulterer, he falls in love with Abigail and he is